Abstract
This work provides valuable information about unexplored catalytic systems tested in the transesterification reaction of vegetable oil with methanol. It was demonstrated that natural zeolite treatment leads to enhanced catalytic activity and yield of biodiesel production. The activation of the catalytic material in a mixture of 5% H2–95% Ar resulted in an improvement of the values of the TG conversion and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield. In addition, it was proven that the incorporation of CaO, MgO and SrO oxides onto the natural zeolite surface improves the TG conversion and FAME yield values in the transesterification reaction.
Highlights
Increased energy production is a key requirement for a given country’s economic development
The 10% CaO, 10% MgO, and 10% SrO metal-oxide catalysts were synthesized by impregnation method using natural zeolite samples as support
The activity results clearly showed that Natural zeolites (NZ) systems reduced in a reduction mixture at 500 ◦C exhibited higher TG conversion value and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield in the biodiesel production process performed at both 200 and 220 ◦C
Summary
Increased energy production is a key requirement for a given country’s economic development. The increase in greenhouse gas emissions caused by fossil fuel combustion causes significant environmental pollution [4]. All of this demonstrates the urgent need to search for new, sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives to fossil fuels [3,5,6,7,8,9,10]. Biodiesel is a carbon-neutral fuel source that can provide almost unlimited renewable energy [1,11,12,13]. It has been recognized as an alternative fuel with similar properties to traditional diesel fuel [4]. Biodiesel is a biodegradable fuel produced from renewable feedstocks such as waste cooking oil, vegetable oils, or animal fats, making it possible to use the excess of these raw materials for use in its production [2,14,15]
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