The Effect of Stichopus hermanii to TLR-4 in Mediating Periodontal Ligament Remodeling During Orthodontic Relapse

Abstract

Stichopus hermanii contains an active compound that plays apart in the innate immune system. This research was aimed to investigate the effect of S. hermanii on the TLR-4 in mediating periodontal ligament (PDL) remodeling through fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and collagen type 1 parameter during orthodontic relapse. The true experimental using a post-test for the control group. Thirty-two male Guinea pig were distributed into four groups: K(−) group was the negative control group, K(+) group was the positive control group applied with orthodontic relapse forces, P1 group was applied with orthodontic relapse forces and 3% S. hermanii 3%, and the P2 group was applied with 3.5%. TLR-4, FGF-2, and collagen type-1 expression at the tension site was examined using immunohistochemistry. Analysis of Variance and Least Significance Difference tests were conducted for all specimens. TLR-4 in P1 and P2 were decreasing significantly (p≤0.05), while FGF-2 and collagen type 1 expression in P1 and P2 increased significantly (p≤0.05). Multiple regression test to correlate between parameters was also significant at 0.00 (p≤0.05). This study concluded that decrease of TLR-4 expression during orthodontic relapse showed a strong tendency to coincide with PDL remodeling along with increasing FGF-2 and collagen type 1 parameter. The optimum result in decreasing TLR-4 expression occurs when administered with S. hermanii 3.5%, which induces decreasing relapse to 29% and increasing periodontal remodeling, demonstrated by FGF-2 and collagen type-1 expression.