The effect of selected staining techniques on stallion sperm morphometry

Abstract

A problem in evaluating the morphology and morphometry of sperm is the lack of standardization of staining techniques. The method of staining and evaluating specimens can significantly affect the results of morphometric measurements. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of two techniques for staining stallion sperm on the morphology and morphometric dimensions of sperm cells and the formation of artefacts. The subject of the study was the sperm of Polish Half Bred stallions, isolated post mortem from the tail of the epididymis. Morphometric measurements were made of the following: length, width, perimeter and surface area of the sperm head, surface area of the acrosome, midpiece length, tail length and total sperm length. Sperm evaluation was expanded to include acrosome coverage, i.e. the surface area of the acrosome as a percentage of the total area of the sperm head, and a characterization of the tail, particularly the midpiece. Tygerberg strict criteria were used to evaluate sperm morphology. The data show that the staining method and the chemical reagents applied have a substantial effect on the dimensions and shape of the stallion sperm. The literature on the subject draws attention to the fact that a staining technique should be established or developed which would enable precise and unambiguous analysis of the morphology and morphometry of human and animal spermatozoa. Moreover, a standard should be developed for preparing specimens for morphological analysis. This would enable comparison of results between laboratories, thus enhancing the value of morphological analyses of sperm in predicting and evaluating fertility.