Abstract
A spelt dehuller with an innovative structural design is described in the study. In the developed solution, spelt kernels are separated by the mechanical impact of friction in a wire mesh cylinder with 4 × 4 mm openings. The dehuller is powered by a motor with a rotating impeller with an adjustable blade angle. In the experimental part of the study, spelt kernels are dehulled at five rotational speeds of the shaft: 160 to 400 rpm at intervals of 60 rpm, and five rotor blade angles: 50° to 90° at intervals of 10°. The efficiency of spelt dehulling (removal of glumes and glumelles) is evaluated based on kernel separation efficiency, husk separation efficiency, and the proportion of damaged kernels.
Highlights
Sustainable agriculture is the production of healthy, high-quality foods in a way that protects the environment and provides economic benefits to farmers
Spelt kernels are separated by the mechanical impact of friction in a wire mesh cylinder with 4 × 4 mm openings
The rotor blade angle eTxheerteqduaadsrmatailcleerqaunadtimonorde easmcrbiibgiunoguskeefrfneectl osenpkaerranteilonsepeffiaractiieonnceyffaictiednicffye.rKenertnreolstowr ebrleadmeosatngles and reofftiactiieonntlaylsseppeaeradtsedisapt raersoetnattieodnaglrsappehedicoafll4y00inrpFmigaunrde a5.roIntotrhbelawdeiraenmglesohf 9c0y°l.inder with 4 × 4 mm openings, kernel separation efficiency increased with a rise in rotational speed
Summary
Sustainable agriculture is the production of healthy, high-quality foods in a way that protects the environment and provides economic benefits to farmers. Spelt grain contains high-quality protein; unsaturated fatty acids; B complex vitamins; PP vitamin (niacin, vitamin B3, and pellagra-preventing factor); and minerals such as zinc, potassium, calcium, and iron [3,4,5,6]. Spelt kernels are enveloped by tough husks that protect this grain against atmospheric pollution and radiation. Tough husks are difficult to separate, which poses a considerable problem during threshing and limits the processing suitability of spelt grain. Spelt is difficult to harvest because grain is not effectively separated from spikelets by combine harvesters. Spelt spikes are hard, awned or awnless, and nonfree-threshing. Loose spikes have a brittle rachis, which is broken during threshing into several fragments, and each fragment contains one spikelet. White to red in color, with distinctive brush hairs in the apical part [7,8]
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