The effect of resveratrol, its naturally occurring derivatives and tannic acid on the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in rat C6 and human T98G glioma cell lines

Abstract

Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a potent chemopreventive and potentially cancer therapeutic agent. Since rapid metabolism limits resveratrol bioavailability, derivatives less prone to metabolic transformation are being sought and tested.We evaluated the effect of resveratrol, and its analogs (pterostilbene and 3,5,4′-trimethoxystilbene) along with tannic acid, on cell cycle and apoptosis in rat C6 and human T98G glioma cells. At concentration ranges both lower and higher than IC50 calculated based on MTT assay, all these polyphenols affected the cell cycle distribution. However, resveratrol and pterostilbene increased the percentage of the cells in S phase, while trimethoxystilbene (TMS) caused a massive accumulation of cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Tannic acid had no effect on cell cycle distribution in C6 cells, but increased the number of dead cells in both glioma cell lines. The ability to induce apoptosis by tannic acid and stilbenes was confirmed by phosphatidylserine externalization, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the level of cleaved caspase-3. The apoptosis rate was most significantly increased by TMS and this was related to p53 induction.These results indicate that methoxylated stilbenes are efficient inhibitors of glioma cell proliferation and apoptosis inducers and might be considered adjuvants in glioma therapy.