Abstract
Probiotic yogurt is suggested as a nutritional approach in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of probiotic yogurt on glycemic outcomes in T2D or obesity. The databases used to search for RCTs included Medline and Scopus. The RCTs were eligible if outcomes included selected glycemic markers. In nine eligible trials, 237 and 235 subjects were in treatment (probiotic yogurt) and control (mostly conventional yogurt) groups, respectively. There was no significant difference for pooled unstandardized mean difference (USMD) hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) by probiotic yogurt compared with the control in T2D (USMD: −0.366; 95% CI: −0.755, 0.024, p = 0.066) and obesity (USMD: 0.116, 95% CI: −0.007, 0.238, p = 0.065). Similarly, there were no effects of probiotic yogurt on fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, or insulin resistance (estimated by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) in either T2D or obesity. In conclusion, the present meta-analysis has not demonstrated the benefits of consuming probiotic compared with conventional yogurt for improving glucose control in patients with diabetes or obesity. Larger trials are needed to verify the benefits of probiotic and/or conventional yogurt or other probiotic fermented milk (e.g., kefir) on glycemic markers in patients with diabetes and obesity.
Highlights
The metabolic disorders type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are highly prevalent in the US
A total of 551 studies were identified in Scopus and Medline, and one study was added from the references
This study systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed nine randomized trials to clarify the effects of probiotic yogurt on glycemic markers incontrolled diabetes and obesity
Summary
The metabolic disorders type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are highly prevalent in the US. There are approximately 30 million individuals with T2D and nearly 90 million with prediabetes [1], while about 100 million individuals are obese and an additional 80 million are overweight [2]. Diabetes and obesity are highly prevalent worldwide. There are multiple emerging treatments for T2D and obesity, but the management of both conditions remains challenging to physicians and burdensome to society [3,4,5,6]. The co-risks of T2D and obesity are genetics and lifestyle [4,6,7,8]. Nutrition incorporating probiotics, could offer a novel approach to metabolic disorders
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