The effect of preeclampsia on adverse maternal outcomes in Sidama region, Ethiopia: a prospective open cohort study

Abstract

Ethiopia has made improvements in the reduction of maternal mortality; the high burden of preeclampsia remains a concern in the Sidama region. This study aimed to measure the effect of preeclampsia on adverse maternal outcomes and identify risk factors among women with preeclampsia in Sidama region. A prospective open cohort study was conducted from August 8, 2019, to October 1, 2020. We enrolled a total of 1015 the pregnant women who had preeclampsia and normotensive women at ≥ 20 weeks of gestation and followed them until 42 days after delivery. A log-binomial logistic regression model was used to estimate the incidence of adverse maternal outcomes and its risk factors. There were 276 adverse maternal outcomes observed in the preeclampsia group compared to 154 adverse maternal outcomes in the normotensive group (P < 0.001). Women with severe features of preeclampsia had a 43% (aRR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.3–1.58) higher risk for adverse maternal outcomes compared to women without severe features of preeclampsia. Women without severe features of preeclampsia had a 39% (aRR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.2–1.76) higher risk for adverse maternal outcomes compared to women in the normotensive group. More adverse maternal outcomes occurred among women with preeclampsia after controlling for confounders.