The Effect of Preconception Counseling According to the Theory of Planned Behavior with the Presence of the Spouse on Preconception Health Behaviors – A Training Trial Study

Abstract

Background and Objective: Preconception care consists of biomedical, behavioral, and social services, along with health interventions, for women and couples before conception to improve their health status and reduce individual and environmental high-risk behaviors. This study aimed to assess to preconception counseling according to the theory of planned behavior with the presence of the spouse on preconception care behaviors. Materials and Methods: This study was an educational trial. The researcher randomly divided women into two intervention and control groups. The control group only received routine preconception care in the presence of the spouse. The intervention group, according to the theory of planned behavior, received 60-minute face-to-face counseling weekly sessions. The main outcomes of behavior were divided into two categories: screening tests and vaccinations and individual lifestyle (exercise, nutrition, and smoking). The questions also focused on men’s check-up tests. The data normality was analyzed by group, variable type, and measurement stage using the Shapiro-Wilk test and the skewness and kurtosis results. Levene's and Mochli's tests were used to check the homogeneity of variances and assumption of sphericity, respectively. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, chi-square, repeated measures test, and SPSS 26 software. Result: The previous lifestyle behaviors were respectively 15.22 + 2.836, 15.49 + 2.769, and 16.84 + 1.894 before, immediately, and 4 weeks after the intervention in control, and 12.70 + 3.69, 15.53 + 3.02, and 16.60 + 2.73 in the intervention group, indicating no significant differences (p=0.08). However, the two groups significantly increased healthy lifestyles over time(p=0.001). The results also showed that the mean of test and vaccination was respectively 4.44 ± 2.99, 2.75 ± 6.42, and 2.49 ± 8.31 before, immediately, and 4 weeks after the intervention in control, and 4.09 + 3, 6.74 + 2.87, and 8.35 + 2.37 in the intervention group, indicating no significant differences(p=0.99). Conclusion: Since the presence of the husband during the training of women's pre-pregnancy care can affect their health behaviors regardless of the type of intervention, men are suggested to attend prepregnancy training and consultations for at least one session.