The effect of pore size on the mechanical properties, biodegradation and osteogenic effects of additively manufactured magnesium scaffolds after high temperature oxidation: An in vitro and in vivo study

Abstract

The effects of pore size in additively manufactured biodegradable porous magnesium on the mechanical properties and biodegradation of the scaffolds as well as new bone formation have rarely been reported. In this work, we found that high temperature oxidation improves the corrosion resistance of magnesium scaffold. And the effects of pore size on the mechanical characteristics and biodegradation of scaffolds, as well as new bone formation, were investigated using magnesium scaffolds with three different pore sizes, namely, 500, 800, and 1400 μm (P500, P800, and P1400). We discovered that the mechanical characteristics of the P500 group were much better than those of the other two groups. In vitro and in vivo investigations showed that WE43 magnesium alloy scaffolds supported the survival of mesenchymal stem cells and did not cause any local toxicity. Due to their larger specific surface area, the scaffolds in the P500 group released more magnesium ions within reasonable range and improved the osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells compared with the other two scaffolds. In a rabbit femoral condyle defect model, the P500 group demonstrated unique performance in promoting new bone formation, indicating its great potential for use in bone defect regeneration therapy.