Abstract
Activated carbon also known as activated charcoal is a common term for carbon materials, which comprises charcoal. Activated carbon has a good adsorption capacity against gases and pollutants in liquids because of its wide surface. The material used in this research was tropical black bamboo, with the variation of particle size -10+20 mesh, -20+40 mesh, -40+60 mesh and -60+80 mesh. There are 2 processes to produce activated carbon, i.e. carbonation and activation. In this research, the carbonation is set at 380°C in 1 hour. Then, each size of carbon was activated by H3PO4 9.8% along 24 hours. The analysis conducted were moisture content, ash content, iodine number, and functional group analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The smaller particle size, the more pores will be produced and it caused the surface area higher. The results showed that variation of particle size had effect on the characterization and quality of activated carbon, where moisture content is between 10.60 to 4.05%, ash content is 1% to 0.2% and iodine adsorption is between 710 mg/g to 900 mg/g. In FTIR analysis, it showed that all of the samples had O-H, C=C, and C-O functional group.
Highlights
Activated carbon is an amorphous compound produced from materials containing high carbon, through a carbonation process
The waste of tropical black bamboo can be used as a prospective material in the preparation of activated carbon
This study showed that the phosphoric acid developed and increased the physical properties of activated carbon prepared from black bamboo
Summary
Activated carbon is an amorphous compound produced from materials containing high carbon, through a carbonation process. Activated carbon has a good adsorption capacity for gases and pollutants in liquids because of its wide surface. Activated carbon is currently very intensively used as an adsorbent, because of its high adsorption capacity and is thermally stable and easy to obtain. The fine structure of activated carbon increased the surface area (>1000 m2/g) of pores that make it has high adsorptive properties. Activated carbon becomes important filter material for the removal of hazardous components in exhaust gases for the purification of drinking water and for wastewater treatment [4,5]. Carbon as adsorbent can absorb colours and odours because the contaminants and/or pollutants are bound to the active and free sites on the carbon surface until it is filled up [6]
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