Abstract
Abstract Purpose – In this research, we have prepared activated carbon (AC) from the waste of banana peels (Musa acuminate L.) using potassium hydroxide (KOH) for carbon monoxide (CO) adsorption from motorcycle gas emission. Design/Methodology/Approach – The activation was conducted using a chemical activator (KOH) at various concentrations of 1, 2, and 3 N for 1, 2, and 3 h, respectively. Characteristics of banana peels AC (BPAC) produced were analyzed using the Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Findings – Results showed that KOH concentration and activation time strongly affected the CO adsorption and opening of the AC surface pore. There was an increase in the CO sorption when the KOH concentration was increased up to 3 N concentration. The highest CO adsorption from the emission occurred at 70.95% under KOH concentration of 3 N during the 3-h preparation. Research Limitations/Implications – BPAC has been used as an adsorbent for only CO from motorcycle gas emission but not as an adsorbent for HC, NO, NOx, or H2S. Practical Implications – BPAC can be used as the potential adsorbent for the removal of CO from motorcycle gas emission, and it is an environmental friendly, low cost, and easy to make adsorbent. Originality/Value – In this study, the AC is made from biomass and is used in wastewater treatment, but limited studies are found on the removal of CO from motorcycle gas emission.
Highlights
Activated carbon (AC) is a porous solid containing 85–95% carbon
The release of potassium at the time of activation process played a role in covering the part of the pore of AC, so that iodine uptake in KOH AC was lower with an increase in concentration of KOH
These results suggested that KOH concentration and activation time strongly affected the carbon monoxide (CO) adsorption
Summary
Activated carbon (AC) is a porous solid containing 85–95% carbon. Materials containing carbon can produce AC by heating them at high temperature. According to Castro et al (2001), the internal combustion engine in the industry has become one of the major causes of environmental pollution with their excess gas emission, such as CO2, CO, hydrocarbons, SO2, and NOx, generating volatile organic compounds (VOC) and particulate matter This factor contributed to the greenhouse effect, acid rain, photochemical smog, stratospheric ozone depletion, and the global warming. The ACs produced had an improved adsorption characteristics such as surface area, chemical functional groups, and the ability to remove iodine and methylene blue when compared with the high-performance adsorbents. Materials Banana peel waste was collected from Banda Aceh traditional market Chemicals such as KOH, iodine, natrium thiosulfate, and amilum powder were purchased from Merck, p.a. grade. The BPAC was heated in an oven for 3 h at 120°C
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