Abstract
The microalgae Rhodomonas sp. is known as an excellent feed source for live feed organisms such as copepods. The main benefits of feeding Rhodomonas to live feed animals are attributed to the relative high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) level, the combination of containing both docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and the ratio between these fatty acids (FA). It has been shown that microalgae are able to accumulate valuable metabolites, such as lipids, under adverse conditions. The easiest and most inexpensive method to induce stress to microalgae is through nitrogen (N) starvation. In this study, the effect of N-starvation on biomass concentration, cell volume, and cellular composition, such as fatty acid concentration and composition, and phycoerythrin (PE) concentration of Rhodomonas sp. during a period of 8 days, was investigated. The research was divided into two stages. In the first (growth) stage, Rhodomonas sp. was cultivated in small 400 ml photobioreactors (Algaemist-S) under optimal conditions in turbidostat mode, which reached a biomass concentration of 1.5 gDW L–1 and dilution rate of 1.3 d–1. Samples were taken every 24 h for cell density and volume and productivity measurements in order to ensure a healthy and stable culture. In the next stage (N-starvation), the biomass was washed and transferred in a reactor filled with N-depleted medium. During N-starvation, samples were taken for biomass concentration, cell volume, PE and FA composition. The results of this study demonstrate that the lipid content increased significantly from 9% (t = 0 h) to 30% (t = 120 h) of the dry weight. After 120 h of N-starvation, the total FA content of Rhodomonas sp. remained stable for the remainder of the experiment (next 72 h). The highest increase of the FA concentration was represented by C16:0, C:18:1, C18:2, and C18:3, with highest concentrations after 120 h of starvation. The maximum EPA and DHA concentrations were observed after 48 h of starvation, while the maximum DHA to EPA ratio was detected at the end of the starvation.
Highlights
In the aquaculture industry, microalgae are mainly used as a live feed
The aim of our study is to investigate the effect of N-starvation on biomass yield cell volume, lipid concentration and composition, and PE concentration of Rhodomonas sp
Rhodomonas sp. inoculum for the experiments was pre-cultured in 300 ml pre-sterilized (20 min at 120◦C) Erlenmeyer flasks in a conditioned shaker incubator
Summary
Microalgae are mainly used as a live feed. Microalgae are usually used in the cultivation of bivalves, crustaceans, marine fish and zooplankton. The main benefit attributed to using live microalgae is their high nutritional value (Borowitzka, 1997). The application for animal feed accounts for about 30% of the algal production in the world (Becker, 2007). Contributes significantly to the final cost price of aquaculture products. Given to improving feed efficiency in industrial systems (Patil et al, 2007). It is stated that algae could increase aquaculture production up to 4-fold and as a result decrease the fish production cost by €0.10 to €0.21 kg−1 (Brune, 2012)
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