The effect of morphoclimatic processes on archaeological sites in the Warka urban area

Abstract

The research dealt with analyzing the impact of morphoclimatic processes on the urban area of Al -Warkaa city, which represents the most important archaeological cities in southern Iraq region. The study aims to analyze the most important characteristics of natural geography and its role in the activity or weakness of morphoclimatic processes affecting archaeological sites, and the studies showed that the morphoclimatic processes on the Al-Warkaa historical region are most effective on the historical sites, which represented by chemical, biological and mechanical weathering processes and their different effects, Mechanical weathering is considered one of the most active types of weathering in the region, in addition to wind and rain processes erosion and its prominent impact on archaeological monuments. Through field work and the use of mathematical equations, the activity of morphoclimatic processes was measured. Represented by the processes of rain and wind erosion and the rates of annual climatic susceptibility to wind erosion, the evidence of erosion in the Samawah and Nasiriyah climatic stations was very high. It became clear that the processes of rain erosion have a clear and significant impact on the archaeological sites represented by collision and plate erosion and the erosion of water bodies and grooves, and the sedimentary morphoclimatic processes represented by rain and wind precipitation have a clear and significant effect represented by the burial of many archaeological sites in the historical region, and various environmental disturbances contribute, such as fluctuation and change Climatic and geological disturbances to a very large extent in the instability of those morpho-climatic and its effects on the study area.