Abstract
The aim of a two-year field experiment conducted in north-eastern (NE) Poland was to evaluate the effect of meat and bone meal (MBM) applied without or with mineral nitrogen (N) on seed yield, thousand seed weight (TSW), protein yield, fat yield, fatty acid profile and glucosinolate (GLS) concentrations in winter oilseed rape. Five treatments were compared: MBM applied at 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 Mg ha−1, inorganic NPK, and a zero-N check. The first two MBM plots and the NPK plots received supplemental inorganic N to provide a total of 158 kg N ha−1. The yields of winter oilseed rape were highest in the treatment with mineral (NPK) fertilization. All plots receiving MBM yielded equally to each other but greater than the unfertilized check. Winter oilseed rape accumulated significantly more protein in seeds in the NPK treatment than in the 1.5 Mg ha−1 MBM + 40 kg N ha−1 treatment. The crude fat content of seeds was significantly higher in the 1.5 Mg MBM ha−1 + 40 kg N ha−1 treatment, compared with the NPK treatment and the 1.0 Mg MBM ha−1 + 79 kg N ha−1 treatment. Oleic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids accounted for nearly 90% of total fatty acids in rapeseed oil, and the average ratio of linoleic acid to α-linolenic acid was 1.81:1. Fertilization had a minor influence on the proportions of fatty acids, which were considerably affected by adverse weather conditions.
Highlights
Oilseed crops of the genus Brassica are the third-leading source of vegetable oil in the world, after palm oil and soybean oil
The yields of winter oilseed rape fertilized with meat and bone meal (MBM) were significantly lower than in the NPK
Neither seed yield nor quality were affected by the rates of supplemental mineral N (79 and 40 kg ha−1 ) in treatments with MBM and the total N rate of 158 kg ha−1
Summary
Oilseed crops of the genus Brassica are the third-leading source of vegetable oil in the world, after palm oil and soybean oil. Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is the most important oilseed and protein crop in Europe, including Poland. Rapeseed accounts for around 80% and 95% of oilseed crops grown in Western Europe and Poland, respectively. Rapeseed has various industrial applications; it is grown for the production of edible vegetable oils and biofuels. The byproducts of rapeseed processing for oil production (cake and meal) are valuable high-protein components of animal concentrate feeds. Biological progress in oilseed rape breeding is an important consideration due to the growing market demand for rapeseed oil, observed in the EU countries [1]. Modern breeding programs focus on improving the qualitative traits of rapeseed, including the concentrations and composition of fatty acids, protein content and fiber content, as well as stress tolerance. In particular the development of hybrid varieties, has contributed to a considerable increase in yields [2,3,4,5,6]
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