The Effect of Liquid Phase Concentration on the Setting Time and Compressive Strength of Hydroxyapatite/Bioglass Composite Cement.

Shamsi Ebrahimi,Coswald Stephen Sipaut

doi:10.3390/nano11102576

Abstract

Composite scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles and bioactive glass (BG) have been applied as appropriate materials for bone tissue engineering. In this study, hydroxyapatite/bioglass cement in different ratios was successfully fabricated. To prepare HAp and HAp/BG cement, synthesized HAp and HAp/BG powder were mixed in several ratios, using different concentrations of sodium hydrogen phosphate (SP) and water as the liquid phase. The liquid to powder ratio used was 0.4 mL/g. The results showed that setting time increased with BG content in the composite. The results also showed that with the addition of bioglass to the HAp structure, the density decreased and the porosity increased. It was also found that after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution, the compressive strength of the HAp and HAp/BG cements increased with BG concentration up to 30 wt.%. SEM results showed the formation of an apatite layer in all selected samples after immersion in SBF solution. At 30 wt.% BG, greater nucleation and growth of the apatite layer were observed, resulting in higher bioactivity than pure HAp and HAp/BG in other ratios.

Highlights

IntroductionScaffolds for making bone tissue and for angiogenesis have been fabricated using biocompatible and biodegradable materials and have been designed for porousness
This suggested that the incorporation of bioactive glass (BG) in the HAp structure decreased the crystallinity of HAp [30]
From 0% to 50% extended the cement setting time from 23.1 to 43.5 min. This concentration provides more time for surgeons and dentists to perform their tasks before the cement is set. These results demonstrate that the addition of BG raises the composite cement setting time relative to pure HAp cement. [38] reported that an increase in BG concentration to 20% in CPC-BG composites increased the composite cement setting time from 10 to 25 min relative to pure calcium phosphate cement, leading to a homogenous, compact microstructure

Summary

Introduction

Scaffolds for making bone tissue and for angiogenesis have been fabricated using biocompatible and biodegradable materials and have been designed for porousness With these features, scaffolds can provide a good substrate for loading growth factors, drugs, genes, and cells. One of the main challenges in bone tissue engineering is to fabricate biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds possessing an appropriate size and sufficient mechanical strength to improve the adhesion, growth, and differentiation of bone cells [1]. This challenge is the focus of the work described here

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