The effect of inclusion of a high lactose supplement in finishing diets on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, volatile fatty acid concentrations and ammonia emission from boars

Abstract

An experiment (complete randomised design) was conducted to investigate the use of lactose in finishing pig diets on nitrogen excretion patterns and ammonia emissions. Diets were formulated to have similar digestible energy (13.8 MJ/kg) and total lysine (11.0 g/kg) contents. Thirty boars (58 kg) were assigned to one of the five dietary treatments (six per treatment) as follows: (T1) 0 g Lactofeed/kg (860 g whey permeate/kg, 140 g soya bean meal/kg, Volac International, UK) (LF70); (T2) 40 g LF70/kg; (T3) 80 g LF70/kg; (T4) 120 g LF70/kg; and (T5) 160 g LF70/kg. After a 14-day adaptation period, pigs were housed in metabolism crates and faeces and urine were collected for nitrogen balance and ammonia emission. NH 3–N emission was measured over 10 days using a laboratory scale procedure. Coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) for dry matter and gross energy digestibility were affected by dietary LF70 inclusion (quadratic, P<0.05). T1 had a higher urinary N and total N excretion ( P<0.1), a lower N retention (as a proportion of intake) ( P<0.05) than the LF70 supplemented diets. T1 had a higher NH 3–N per gram of N intake from days 0 to 4 ( P<0.05) than the LF70 supplemented diets. In the faeces isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid were affected by dietary LF70 level (quadratic, P<0.01). There was a linear decrease in the ratio of acetic acid: propionic acid with increasing LF70 levels ( P<0.05). In the caecum and colon lactobacilli concentrations were affected by dietary LF70 inclusion (quadratic, P<0.05). In conclusion, the current study demonstrates that the incorporation of lactofeed in finisher pig diets increases CTTAD for gross energy and the concentration of lactobacilli in the hind-gut and decreases total nitrogen excretion. The inclusion of lactofeed also reduces the quantity of ammonia emitted from fresh manure in the first 4 days of storage.