Abstract
The energy crisis encourages the development of renewable energy; one of the potential renewable energy is wind. In the field of wind turbine there is a two-way development of the utilization of wind energy, first by making a large wind turbine, the second by making a wind farm energy with a relatively small wind turbine. This hybrid VAWT wind turbine (Sultan Wind Turbine) is designed to work optimally on a farm array, on a wind turbine farm array will always cause a wake effect that will reduce overall wind turbine and farm array performance, an investigation with a CFD simulation is required to predict how far the wake effect will be before farm array build. The use of simulation software has been widely used to predict the effects of this wake, and experiments in the laboratory have also been done to predict the effects of a wake as well. This study's purpose is to predict the distance area of the recovery wake behind the wind turbine, this distance which will be the reference distance between wind turbine units and determining the density of the turbine in a farm. Simulation using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), with a method of Multi Frame Reference (MRF). Analysis using descriptive and inferential method in statistics such as mean, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z and Kruskal Walis test. From the analysis of simulation results and data processing descriptively and analytic statistic, it can be concluded from the data given, the distance of x/D=4, wind speed has recovery to the value near the input speed and no significant change to x/D= 9. Then it can be concluded that the distance between two wind turbines that can be used is a distance of 3.6 meters. These data suggest that the hybrid farm array VAWT savonius and darrieus have a higher power density compared to HAWT. From this power density calculation the hybrid VAWT has a greater electrical potential up to 300 percent compared to the HAWT farm array.
Highlights
Dabiriet. al. argues that the utilization of the small VAWT farm array can address the growing challenges of energy demand [1, 2]
Wake effect for HAWT causing the absorbed wind energy to drop by 31% at a distance of 3x blade diameter, and down to 35% at a distance of 5x the diameter of the blade [3], for VAWT at a distance of 2.5 x diameter, wind speed is reduced to only 41% of the original speed [4]
This study aims to predict the wake recovery distance of the hybrid VAWT turbine savonius-darrieus, this position will be a reference in designing the shape and size of this VAWT hybrid farm array
Summary
Wake effect for HAWT causing the absorbed wind energy to drop by 31% at a distance of 3x blade diameter, and down to 35% at a distance of 5x the diameter of the blade [3], for VAWT at a distance of 2.5 x diameter, wind speed is reduced to only 41% of the original speed [4]. The placement pattern and distance of a turbine in a wind farm is very important to improve the performance of the farm array. Research using methods such as genetic algorithm optimization [7], wind farm layout using biogeography-based optimization [8], grid-like layout [9] can significantly improve the performance of the farm array. Investigation to co and counter-rotating 2 arrays and 3 arrays has been done to get the best efficiency [10] and propose for 2 array use backward counter-rotating and for 3 array use forward counter-rotating, Dabiri use forward counter rotating of 2 arrays [1], in this research using forward counter-rotating 2 arrays to get small wake spreading rate
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