Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the time of occurrence of the emergence, budding, fruiting and seed shedding stages, as well as the degree of advancement of the white goosefoot fruiting and diaspores shedding stages in fodder beet, spring wheat and faba bean crops under mechanical and chemical weed control. Phenological observations were conducted in the years 2000-2002 at 10-day intervals, starting from the day of crop sowing on alluvial soil made of light loam. Chemically weed controlled objects were treated with herbicides: fodder beet - lenacil 80%; spring wheat - MCPA 30% + dicamba 4%; faba bean - linuron 50%. It was proven that the times of occurrence and the scale of the studied phenological stages of white goosefoot depended on the crop species, the in-crop weed control method and the pattern of weather conditions in the study years. White goosefoot had the most favourable conditions of growth in the fodder beet crop. The herbicides in the fodder beet and faba bean crops delayed the emergence and the time of occurrence of successive white goosefoot growth stages. These agents also decreased the degree of diaspores shedding by the weed species studied. The most white goosefoot specimens shed fruits on the mechanically weed controlled plots. The diaspores dissemination was promoted by a warm and moist growing season.
Highlights
White goosefoot (Chenopodium album L.) belongs to the most common segetal weeds (Joint publication, 1988)
It most frequently infests root plants and related plants in terms of agricultural practice, where it forms different-rank syntaxonomic units (Kapeluszny, 1979; W n u k, 1990). This species has appeared more and more frequently and with a large cover in cereal crops (Skrzyczyńska et al 2002). Such a situation results from the fact that white goosefoot fruits are the main component of the soil weed seed bank (We sołowski, 1984; We sołowski, 1986)
White goosefoot proved to be a species which occurred each year in all the crop plants, irrespective of the applied forms of weed control
Summary
White goosefoot (Chenopodium album L.) belongs to the most common segetal weeds (Joint publication, 1988). It most frequently infests root plants and related plants in terms of agricultural practice, where it forms different-rank syntaxonomic units (Kapeluszny, 1979; W n u k , 1990). This species has appeared more and more frequently and with a large cover in cereal crops (Skrzyczyńska et al 2002). The growth pattern of white goosefoot is presented here in fodder beet, spring wheat and faba bean crops, under mechanical weed control and treated by using herbicides
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