The effect of glucocorticoid on the synthesis of biglycan and decorin in human osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells.

Abstract

We have previously demonstrated that glucocorticoids induce differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) into cells expressing mature osteoblast phenotype. As glucocorticoids have marked effects on extracellular matrix protein synthesis in bone, and because proteoglycans are important components of bone matrix and may condition the differentiation and biological activities of osteoblasts, we studied the effects of dexamethasone (Dex) on the synthesis of small proteoglycans [decorin (DCN) and biglycan (BGN)] in adult human BMSC and human osteoblasts (HOB). First passaged HOB and BMSC were treated with either ethanol or 10(-7) M Dex for 7 days. After treatment, the cells were metabolically labeled with either [35S]SO4 alone or [35S]SO4 and [3H]leucine together for 24 h. Conditioned media were collected, and cell layers were extracted with 4 M guanidine HCl. The extracts and conditioned media were subjected to gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Fractions containing radiolabeled proteoglycans were analyzed either directly or after immunoprecipitation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Dex treatment resulted in a dramatic increase in DCN and an associated decrease in BGN in both the conditioned medium and the cell layer of HOB cultures. In Dex-treated BMSC cultures, BGN was decreased in both the conditioned medium and cell layer, whereas DCN was stimulated in the majority of cultures. Northern blot analysis indicated that steady state messenger RNA (mRNA) concentration of DCN was increased by Dex in all of the HOB cultures and in seven of eight BMSC cultures analyzed. The steady state mRNA level of BGN was decreased by Dex in both HOB and BMSC cultures. The regulation of DCN and BGN mRNA by Dex in both HOB and BMSC (when responsive) was dose dependent. Time-course analysis indicated that as little as 1 day of treatment with Dex was sufficient to decrease BGN mRNA and increase DCN mRNA (when observed) levels in BMSC; the regulation spanned a 4-week interval, during which the extracellular matrix of BMSC was mineralized. The effect of Dex on the steady state mRNA levels of DCN and BGN in HOB was also apparent after 1 day of treatment. These accumulated results suggest that Dex modulates the synthesis of small proteoglycans in both human bone marrow stromal osteoprogenitor cells and mature osteoblasts.