Abstract
Furosemide is a diuretic and is often used in the treatment of hypertension. This medicine is very good when it comes to lowering the blood pressure, and this is also a drug of choice when it comes to the stage of hypertensive urgencies and emergencies. It can be administered intravenously, and the effects reach a maximum within 30 minutes. Due to the fact that this medicine causes a loss of potassium ions it can also affect the reduction of insulin in the blood, and thus the increase in blood glucose and arrhythmias. A prospective random study was carried out in Emergency Medical Service of Public Health Institution Center “Zivinice’’, where we analyzed 120 patients which were suffering from hypertension heart disease, and diabetes. We included all 120 patient whom suffering from hypertension and diabetes starting February till end of July 2016. Data for analysis: age, gender, bodymass index, analysis of the arterial blood pressure value, characteristic laboratory changes, analysis of electrocardiography. Looking at all the three groups of patients, it can be noticed that the maximum value of arterial blood pressure upon arrival at the Emergency Medical service had patients suffering from hypertension and diabetes, where the average value of arterial blood pressure was 173/113 mmHg. According to analysis for all three observed groups of patients, after treatment with furosemide there is no statistical significance in the incidence of arrhythmias between the groups where. Looking at the summary for all three groups of patients, the average value increase of blood glucose after treatment with furosemide is 0.7 mmol/l. Furosemide is safe for the treatment of hypertension in diabetic patients. It does not cause an increase in blood glucose levels.
Highlights
Potassium is taken into our body system through food (50– 100 mmol/day) and it is distributed in the body fluids in way that the majority (98%) of potassium is placed in the cells, i.e. in the cellular fluid, while only 2% is in the extracellular fluid
In case that potassium becomes low in the body system, this condition leads to hypocalemia that reduces secretion of insulin in the body and as a result of that blood glucose levels increases
The following groups were formed: a. the first group of patients which were suffering from hypertension; b. the second group which includes hypertensive patients who suffered from co-morbidities diabetes; c. the third group of patients are patients which suffered from high blood pressure, but they have not been diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes
Summary
Potassium is taken into our body system through food (50– 100 mmol/day) and it is distributed in the body fluids in way that the majority (98%) of potassium is placed in the cells, i.e. in the cellular fluid, while only 2% is in the extracellular fluid. The result of that is concentration of potassium in the cellular fluids of 140-150 mmol/L, while in extracellular fluid the concentration is 3.5-5.0 mmol/L. This gradient concentration of potassium is formed and maintained by the. Insulin enhances operation of the Na+/K+ pumps and in that way enhances entering of potassium into the cell itself, i.e. it reduces the concentration of potassium in the extracellular fluid. In case that potassium becomes low in the body system, this condition leads to hypocalemia that reduces secretion of insulin in the body and as a result of that blood glucose levels increases. Level of potassium affects the heart rate while potassium deficiency
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