Abstract
Abstract S(IV) dissolved in droplets is partially evolved as SO2 during freezing. A spray of droplets with average diameter 39μm, produced by an ultrasonic transducer, was let to fall through a controlled atmosphere with known SO2 concentration, at varying temperatures between −8 and −23°C, attaining thermal and chemical equilibrium. In a first arrangement, the droplets fell by gravitation on an ice surface. Two other arrangements simulated the riming ventilation conditions: in one series of experiments, the droplets were projected by a gas jet at several m s−1 against a target; in another, the droplets were caught by rotating rods. The fraction of S(IV) retained in the ice Γ was determined by analysis of the samples and comparison with the equilibrium concentration in the liquid droplets. Samples collected by gravitation showed a retention coefficient Γ = 0.25 + 0.012 Ts (Ts = supercooling); rime samples showed large dispersion in the results, the retention coefficient being best represented by an average value Γ = 0.62, independent of temperature.
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