The effect of feeding culture media with biogenetic precursors on high production of depsides in agitated shoot cultures of black and red aronias

Agnieszka Szopa,Halina Ekiert,Aleksandra Walkowicz-Bożek,Paweł Kubica,Łukasz Komsta

doi:10.1007/s11240-020-01869-4

Agnieszka Szopa, Halina Ekiert + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01869-4

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Abstract

Agitated shoot cultures of two aronias, Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott and Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers., were maintained on Murashige & Skoog medium (1 mg/l BA and 1 mg/l NAA), both with and without the addition of various biosynthetic precursors of phenolic acids and depsides (phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, benzoic acid and caffeic acid). Each substance was added in 5 concentrations (0.1–10 mmol/l), each concentration at two time points (at the beginning and on the 10th day of cultures). Twenty-four phenolic acids were determined in methanolic extracts of the biomasses collected after 20 days of growth cycles by means of HPLC method with DAD detection. The presence of seven compounds was confirmed in all the extracts—five depsides (neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, cryptochlorogenic, isochlorogenic and rosmarinic acids), and syringic and caffeic acids. The main metabolites in A. melanocarpa shoot extracts were isochlorogenic, chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids (max. 249.88, 450.35, 192.16 mg/100 g DW). The main metabolites in A. arbutifolia shoot extracts were: chlorogenic, isochlorogenic and cryptochlorogenic acids (max. 361.60, 224.5, 526.2 mg/100 g DW). The largest total amounts of the compounds were confirmed in the cultures of both aronias after the addition of cinnamic acid (989.79 and 661.77 mg/100 g DW, respectively) and caffeic acid (854.99 and 1098.46 mg/100 g DW, respectively) at concentrations of 5 mmol/l on 10th day of growth cycles. These maximum amounts were 3.41, 3.42, 2.95 and 5.67 times higher, respectively, than in the control cultures. This is the first report documenting the high production of depsides in shoot cultures of black and red aronias after feeding with their biosynthetic precursors.

Highlights

The pharmaceutical, cosmetics and health-food industry always look for new rich natural plant sources of antioxidants (Krishnaiah et al 2011)
This paper presents the effect of addition of biosynthetic precursors of phenolic acids—phenylalanine, cinnamic acid and benzoic acid to the cultures media on production of phenolic acids
Among 24 phenolic acids suspected in the methanolic extracts from the biomass of shoots, 7 phenolic acids were detected—5 depsides: neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, cryptochlorogenic, isochlorogenic and rosmarinic acids, as well as caffeic and syringic acids (Table 2)

Summary

Introduction

The pharmaceutical, cosmetics and health-food industry always look for new rich natural plant sources of antioxidants (Krishnaiah et al 2011) This group of compounds possesses very valuable biological properties—they prevent a lot of lifestyle diseases (such as strokes, heart attacks, and neurodegenerative diseases), and can be used as antiaging agents (Young and Woodside 2001; Matkowski 2008; Krishnaiah et al 2011). The fruits of black aronia are more famous than a plant raw material. They are rich in various groups of antioxidants, almost all polyphenols, e.g. phenolic acids and anthocyanins, procyanidin B 1, and in flavonoids of high antioxidant activity. The fruits are rich in vitamins—C, E, K, folic acid, as well as B-group vitamins and organic acids (Zhao et al 2004; Kokotkiewicz et al 2010; Taheri et al 2013; Szopa et al 2017)

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