The Effect of Electrode and Number of Passes on Hardness and Micro Structure of Shielded Metal Arc Welding

Abstract

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process is widely used in the industrial world for metal welding processes. The use of SMAW with the types of electrodes and an incorrect number of passes will produce a geometric shape that has a low precision and high surface roughness in the process of making workpieces. The movement and types of welding electrodes can affect the welding characteristics. Wrong welding work can result in damage to the fatal welding results in terms of both safety and economics. This research was conducted to determine the effect of electrodes and the number of passes on the hardness of the welding and microstructure results in the welding process of Shielded Metal Arc Welding. The plate used in this study was a rectangular plate with a thickness of 10 mm, a length of 30 mm and a width of 15 mm. The specimens were welded using E6013 and E7016 electrodes with the number of 3 pass 3 pass and the number of 3 pass 6 pass. In welding using E6013 electrode with the number of passes of 3 layers 6 pass gave effect on escalating violence in the HAZ area. This happens because if the layer increases, the heat input generated decreases. If the heat input is small, the hardness of the welded joint will be large. Therefore, the number of pass 3 and 6 had different hardness.