Abstract
The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of dietary oils containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-3 and n-6, respectively, on cutaneous wound healing in rats, and to demonstrate the usefulness of the matrix-assisted-laser-desorption-ionization mass spectroscopy-imaging (MALDI MSI) method in this type of experiment. Superiority of PUFA n-3 in this context was the tested hypothesis. Four groups of male Wistar rats by twelve animals each were fed a diet with added 5% of palm oil (P; control), fish oil (F), Schizochytrium microalga oil (Sch) and safflower oil (S), respectively, for eight weeks. Consequently, dorsal full-thickness cutaneous excisions were performed, and selected markers of wound healing were evaluated 18 days post excision. The median of signal intensity corresponding to an amount of collagen α-1 (III) fragment, quantified using MALDI MSI, decreased in a sequence P > F > Sch > S (P < 0.001). Using haematoxylin-eosin staining of the histological preparations, semi-quantitatively assessed epithelium height tended to decrease in the order of P > S > Sch > F; the wound extent in the sequence of P > Sch > S > F; and the sequence of the progress of neo-angiogenesis was assessed as S > P > F ≈ Sch. It was concluded that the tested hypothesis was confirmed only partially: PUFA n-3 showed better results regarding the wound extent, but were inferior in terms of epithelium height and progress of neo-angiogenesis. This was the first time MALDI MSI was successfully employed for evaluating skin wound healing in a rat model.
Highlights
Wound healing is a dynamic sequential process consisting of three overlapping stages: inflammation, cell proliferation and tissue remodelling (Caetano et al 2016)
The effects of dietary fatty acids, especially long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA n-3) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n-3), known inflammation modulators, on wound healing in animal models are very inconsistent (Komprda 2018): positive effects (Chen et al 2012; Olson et al 2013) are contradicted by negative ones (Drzymala-Czyz et al 2012; dos Santos Rosa et al 2014), with better results being often obtained with oils containing PUFA n-6 (Otranto et al 2010)
The rats were divided into four groups by 12 animals each and fed eight weeks with either the control diet consisting of basic feed mixture (BFM; pelletized complete chow for mice and rats; Biokron, Blučina, Czech Republic) enriched with 5% of palm oil (P), or one of the three experimental diets: BFM supplemented with 5% of fish oil (F), 5% of oil extracted from the Schizochytrium sp. microalga (Sch), and 5% of safflower oil (S; high content of linoleic acid), respectively
Summary
Wound healing is a dynamic sequential process consisting of three overlapping stages: inflammation, cell proliferation and tissue remodelling (Caetano et al 2016). The effects of dietary fatty acids, especially long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA n-3) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n-3), known inflammation modulators, on wound healing in animal models are very inconsistent (Komprda 2018): positive effects (Chen et al 2012; Olson et al 2013) are contradicted by negative ones (Drzymala-Czyz et al 2012; dos Santos Rosa et al 2014), with better results being often obtained with oils containing PUFA n-6 (Otranto et al 2010). One of the objectives was to use Address for correspondence: Tomáš Komprda Department of Food Technology Mendel University in Brno Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic for the first time the cutting-edge method of matrix-assisted-laser-desorption-ionization mass-spectroscopy imaging (MALDI MSI; Angel et al 2018) for monitoring the spatial distribution of a selected collagen fragment in cutaneous excisions in rats
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