Abstract
Periodontitis and diabetes mellitus (DM) are two of the most common and challenging health problems worldwide and they affect each other mutually and adversely. Current periodontal therapies have unpredictable outcome in diabetic patients. Periodontal tissue engineering is a challenging but promising approach that aims at restoring periodontal tissues using one or all of the following: stem cells, signalling molecules and scaffolds. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) represent ideal examples of stem cells and signalling molecules. This review outlines the most recent updates in characterizing MSCs isolated from diabetics to fully understand why diabetics are more prone to periodontitis that theoretically reflect the impaired regenerative capabilities of their native stem cells. This characterisation is of utmost importance to enhance autologous stem cells based tissue regeneration in diabetic patients using both MSCs and members of IGF axis.
Highlights
Periodontitis is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases that can lead to destruction of the tooth attachment apparatus, possibly leading to loss of teeth [1]
In previous studies from our group we have proven a role of IGFBP-2, BP-3 and BP-4 in osteogenic differentiation of stem cells isolated form dental pulp (DPSCs) [7,8,9]
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) levels ranging from 6.5% to 11% and without major diabetic complications treated with non-surgical periodontal therapy and systemic antibiotics showed less gain of clinical attachment, higher risk of gingival recession and higher proportions of periodontal pathogens compared to non-diabetics [61]
Summary
Periodontitis is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases that can lead to destruction of the tooth attachment apparatus (periodontium), possibly leading to loss of teeth [1]. Periodontal therapies including guided tissue regeneration are used to treat severe cases of periodontitis involving alveolar bone defects These treatments are successful but can be associated with complications that lead to treatment failure such as infections and loss of membrane coverage with higher failure rates in diabetics [4]. The evolving field of stem cell-based regenerative therapies with stem cells and signaling molecules holds great promise for future therapies These approaches require a much better understanding of how these elements will behave under disease conditions such as diabetes and periodontitis. Bioengineering 2021, 8, 202 the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis performance under T2DM condition and whether these changes can be reversed for cell- based regenerative therapy as a mode of treatment for periodontitis
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
