Abstract
TiO2 doped with different amounts of Cu2+ ions (from 0 to 3 mol%) was synthesized by sol-gel method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The XRD analysis showed that the Cu-doped TiO2 samples exhibit anatase and rutile phases. The lattice parameters remain unchanged, independent of Cu2+ content. Diameter of TiO2 increased significantly with increasing concentrations of Cu2+. The investigated results indicate that a greater portion of the Cu2+ ions are well incorporated into the anatase and rutile TiO2 lattices. The stretching vibration frequencies of the interatomic bonds were calculated by the electronegativity principle. The calculated data were compared with infrared spectra. The results show that in the rutile and anatase phases, O atoms in the TiO2 lattice and some interstitial Cu atoms form Cu-O bond, and other substitutional Cu that replaces Ti atoms in TiO2 lattice form Cu-O bond with O atoms in the TiO2 lattice.
Highlights
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely concerned with its cheapness, stability, environmental friendliness, and photocatalytic properties [1]
Doping modification is found to play an important role for the catalytic performance of TiO2. e photocatalytic activity of TiO2 could be obviously improved by doping Cu, N, S, Fe, C, etc
Doping of metals seems to be an effective way. Another approach to change the physical, optical, structural, and photocatalytic properties of titania includes an employment of d-block metal ions [4]
Summary
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely concerned with its cheapness, stability, environmental friendliness, and photocatalytic properties [1]. E photocatalytic activity of TiO2 could be obviously improved by doping Cu, N, S, Fe, C, etc. Doping of metals seems to be an effective way Another approach to change the physical, optical, structural, and photocatalytic properties of titania includes an employment of d-block metal ions (zinc, zirconium, iron, chromium, nickel, vanadium, or copper) [4]. E doping position of Cu can be calculated by the electronegativity principle [9]. Different doping positions of Cu atoms have an effect on the properties of particle, electron structure, and light absorption. There is a need to analyze the doped position of Cu, which will help understand in detail the role of the dopant in altering TiO2 properties [10]. Cu-doped and undoped TiO2 nanomaterials were prepared with the sol-gel method. e crystalline phase and IR spectra of the samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). e objectives/goals of this study were to illustrate the Cu doping position that could be simulated by the electronegativity principle
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