Effect of calcination temperature in the synthesis of carbon doped TiO2 without external carbon source

Abstract

Carbon doped TiO2 have been successfully synthetized in this study using sol-gel method and followed by carbonization in hypoxic condition. Titanium (IV) isopropoxide and isopropanol were used as starting material without addition of external carbon precursor. The carbon doped TiO2 were synthetized with different calcination temperature at 200, 300, 400 and 500°C under hypoxic condition. The physical properties of carbon doped TiO2 were characterized by Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Diffuse reflectance UV-Vis Spectroscopy (DRUVS). The synthetized material shows carbon related peak at 1540 and 1400 cm−1 that can be ascribed as carboxylic (COO−) and carbonyl (CO32-) vibration respectively from FTIR spectra. Based on XRD result, it can be infered that TiO2 with anatase phase were initially formed at calcination temperature 200°C showed by amourphous phase with single peak at 25,30° and crystal growth along with increasement of temperature. Rutile phase as impurities was formed at calcination temperature 500°C. The DRUVS result shows significant red shift in spectra that indicate decrease bandgap of synthetized carbon doped TiO2 compared to conventional anatase TiO2. The carbon doped TiO2 in this study show ability to absorb at visible light radiation as suggested by DRUVS spectra. It is hoped that our work could be applied as visible light photocatalyst in industrial and enviromental application and provided valuable information in synthesis of non-metal doped TiO2.Carbon doped TiO2 have been successfully synthetized in this study using sol-gel method and followed by carbonization in hypoxic condition. Titanium (IV) isopropoxide and isopropanol were used as starting material without addition of external carbon precursor. The carbon doped TiO2 were synthetized with different calcination temperature at 200, 300, 400 and 500°C under hypoxic condition. The physical properties of carbon doped TiO2 were characterized by Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Diffuse reflectance UV-Vis Spectroscopy (DRUVS). The synthetized material shows carbon related peak at 1540 and 1400 cm−1 that can be ascribed as carboxylic (COO−) and carbonyl (CO32-) vibration respectively from FTIR spectra. Based on XRD result, it can be infered that TiO2 with anatase phase were initially formed at calcination temperature 200°C showed by amourphous phase with single peak at 25,30° and crystal growth along with increasement of temperature. Rutile phase as im...