The effect of COVID-19 on the human vascular system

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic recognized the outbreak of the novel coronavirus COVID-19, which was first reported on December 8, 2019 in Hubei Province in China, on March 11, 2020. This disease was recognized as an infection with a new beta-coronavirus. Today, the current problem is COVID-19 and its effect on blood vessels and blood. Although COVID-19 primarily affects the lungs, causing interstitial pneumonitis and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), it also affects other organ systems. COVID-19 is manifested by hypercoagulation, pulmonary intravascular coagulation, microangiopathy, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) or arterial thrombosis. Clinically, the vascular dysfunction associated with COVID-19 manifests itself outside the lungs in various ways, including deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, large artery thrombosis, and multiple organ venous and arterial thrombosis, and these manifestations are attributed to factors such as hypoxemia, viral sepsis, immobility, and sometimes vasculitis. In some cases, DIC syndrome (which is a simulator of vasculitis) can occur with the lightning-fast lung disease COVID-19, and is also characterized by diffuse thrombosis and bleeding. If you exclude DIC and large vessel thrombosis, it is clear that patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia may also have severe changes such as skin vasculitis, suspected cerebral vasculitis, and multiple organ failure, resulting in suspected viral endothelitis, direct viral infection, or vasculitis. Understanding the vascular effects of COVID-19 is essential for comprehensive medical care.