Abstract
The roles of calcium on microspore-derived embryo (embryoid) formation and ethylene production in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Bruce) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chris) anther cultures were investigated. The inclusion of calcium as CaCl 2 in the medium increased embryoid production, at an optimal concentration of 1 mM in barley. The addition of the ionophore A23187 (0.5 μM) with CaCl 2 (1 mM) further improved the embryoid formation in both wheat and barley. Since exogenous calcium and ionophore increased ethylene production measured at culture initiation time, it was suggested that the positive action of free calcium on embryoid formation might be achieved through initial ethylene production and stimulation of tissue senescence.
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