Abstract
Heavy metals inhibit plant growth. This proces may be directly or indirectly connected with mechanisms regulating cell division. We analyzed the effect of Cd2+ on cell cycle progression in partially synchronized soybean (Glycine max) cell suspension culture and followed the expression of cell cycle genes (cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase A - CDK-A). We have checked the hypothesis that Cd2+-induced impairment of cell division is connected with DNA damage. The [3H]-thymidine incorporation in cell cultures synchronized either with hydroxyurea (HU) or phosphate starvation have shown, that Cd2+ strongly affects the S phase of soybean cell cycle, by causing the earlier entry of cells into S phase and by decreasing the rate of DNA synthesis. RT-PCR analysis indicated that Cd2+ decreases the level of cyclin B1 mRNA and has no effect on CDK-A mRNA. The result of comet assay indicated the damaging effect of Cd2+ on DNA of soybean cells. We suggest that Cd2+ affects plant cell cycle at two major checkpoints: the G1/S — by damaging of DNA, and G2/M - by decreasing the level of cyclin B1 mRNA
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