Abstract
One of the important groups of roses are ground cover roses, used not only as garden plants but also in urban green areas for covering scarps and hill slopes. Roses are mostly propagated in vitro and by budding, grafting, and cuttings however, the latter is feasible only in certain rose groups. To hasten the production of plant material, preparations that stimulate rhizogenesis are used, which are based mainly on auxins and enhance the growth of adventitious roots in cuttings. Other substances capable of stimulating plant growth are biostimulators, which can be an alternative to rooting formulations containing auxins. The goal of this experiment was to compare the effects of the biostimulators AlgaminoPlant and Goteo with that of the synthetic auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on rooting of cuttings in two ground cover roses Elfrid (‘Kormuse’) and Weisse Immensee (‘Korweirim’). In the preparations, IBA in the form of Rhizopon (1% IBA) or water solution (200 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) was used, whereas the biostimulators were applied at the concentration of 0.2% for foliage spraying. Both biostimulators positively affected the percentage of rooted cuttings, whereas their effect on the degree of rooting was comparable or slightly weaker than that of synthetic auxin. Both biopreparations stimulated the growth of new shoots in cuttings. The use of Goteo resulted in increased content of chlorophyll and total soluble sugars in cuttings, whereas levels of free amino acids and polyphenolic acids were decreased. The synthetic auxin IBA increased the total sugar concentration and the free amino acid contents in cuttings were decreased.
Highlights
Roses belong to the family Rosaceae, which contains nearly 3,000 species (Gustavsson, 1999), 150 of which grow in Poland (Monder, 2007)
A significant improvement in rooting was observed Goteo in both cultivars, and the biostimulator effects were comparable to that exerted by the synthetic auxin used either as Rhizopon AA or an indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) water solution (200 mg L−1)
As a consequence of the EU directives to limit the use of synthetic auxins, investigations on preparations obtained from seaweeds, citrus fruits, or crustaceans have been undertaken in an attempt to find an alternative means to stimulate plant propagation (Poşta & Hernea, 2011; Szabó & Hrotkó, 2009)
Summary
Roses belong to the family Rosaceae, which contains nearly 3,000 species (Gustavsson, 1999), 150 of which grow in Poland (Monder, 2007). One of the systems, described by the American Rose Society, defines old roses as those that were known and cultured before 1867 and are gathered into 21 groups, whereas modern roses contain 13 groups (Cairns, 2003) One of these groups is called the ground cover roses and contains those roses used in gardens and in urban green areas (Gustavsson, 1999). Ground cover roses serve as ornamental plants but can be used to stabilize scarps and hillside slopes, as well as for weed control They are attractive because of their extensive blooming and are easy to cultivate (Cairns, 2003)
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