Abstract
Adventitious rooting of ornamental plants can be accelerated by the application of growth regulators, such as auxin. Humic acids, organic matter in soil and organic compounds also have a biostimulant effect. This work evaluated the rooting in cuttings of croton (Codianeum variegatum L. Rumph) and hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L) in response to the application of different concentrations of indolbutyric acid (IBA) and humic acid (HA). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. Apical stem cuttings were treated with solutions at concentrations of: 0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg L-1 IBA and 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 mmol L-1 HA carbon isolated from vermicomposting. Forty-five days after the applications, the cuttings were removed from the pots containing carbonized rice hull and the following variables were measured: rooting number, length and width of leaves, fresh and dry matter of root and aerial part and root area. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and the qualitative and quantitative effects of the treatments were compared by contrast and regression, respectively. Regression equations were used to determine the maximum efficiency level of root dry matter according to IBA and HA. Higher accumulation of root dry matter was recorded for the treatments with the doses 579 mg L-1 IBA and 14 mmol L-1 HA and 970 mg L-1 IBA and 50 mmol L-1 HA for root cuttings of croton and hibiscus, respectively. It was found that the application of eiher IBA or HA at the indicated doses accelerates rooting in cuttings of croton and hibiscus and contributes to the formation of vigorous plants.
Highlights
The commercial production of flowers and ornamental plants has grown worldwide due to their high potential for income and employment generation and to the environmental benefits and life quality improvements resulting from its products (Faria, 2005; Landgraf & Paiva, 2005)
Only the variables NL, shoot fresh matter (SFM) and shoot dry matter (SDM) significantly differed by the F test and were influenced by growth regulators, with percentage increases of 20, 15 and 25% for indolbutyric acid (IBA) and humic acid (HA), respectively
The results indicate that IBA or HA may be used to accelerate rooting in cuttings of croton and hibiscus
Summary
The commercial production of flowers and ornamental plants has grown worldwide due to their high potential for income and employment generation and to the environmental benefits and life quality improvements resulting from its products (Faria, 2005; Landgraf & Paiva, 2005). The Brazilian market for flowers and ornamental plants has grown 15% in 2010 and generated 194.000 direct jobs (Ibraflor, 2011). Among the ornamental tropical plants there are species that stand out for their lush foliage, such as croton, and for their flower production, such as hibiscus. The hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Malvaceae) is a woody shrub, originally from tropical Asia 3 to 5 m in height, with solitary flowers, usually red, pink or whitecolored and blooming throughout the year (McDonald, 2006; Lorenzi & Souza, 2008)
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