Abstract
BackgroundDiabetes mellitus increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. The present study investigated the effect of an eight-week aerobics programme on fasting blood sugar (FBS), cardiovascular parameters, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), and body mass index (BMI) among subjects with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsA pretest-posttest experimental design was employed. Fifty subjects, diagnosed with T2DM, attending the Diabetes Clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, were conveniently recruited, gender and age-matched, and randomised into exercise and control groups. The intervention included an eight-week aerobic exercise at 60%–79% HRmax for 45 min–60 min, 3-days per week. The FBS, SpO2, BMI, resting heart rate (RHR), and systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the subjects were measured before and after the intervention. The paired and independent t-test(s) were used for the analyses within and between the groups, respectively (P ≤ 0.05).ResultsThe exercise group had a significantly lower SBP (15.0 mmHg, P = 0.001), DBP (7.9 mmHg, P = 0.001), RHR (4.8 bpm, P = 0.001), FBS (34.9 mg/dl, P = 0.001), and BMI (2.3, P = 0.001), while the SpO2 improved by 3.9% with P = 0.001, relative to the control group.ConclusionAerobics is an efficacious adjunct therapy in controlling the FBS level, blood pressure, BMI, and improving SpO2 among T2DM subjects.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterised by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both [1]
The baseline subject characteristics (Table 1) show that there was no significant difference between the mean (SD) age of the exercise group [51.7 (5.0) years] and the control group [51.5 (5.0) years, t = 0.226, P = 0.822]
The fasting blood sugar (FBS) of the subjects in the exercise group reduced relative to the control group (Table 2), the mean difference (MD) was 34.8 mg/dl, t = 8.752, P = 0.001
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterised by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both [1]. The aetiology of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is not well understood, though a multifactorial model suggested that it arises from the combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors [2]. Treatment of diabetes involves a combination of exercise, diet, medication, and daily self-care [5]. The first line of treatment for T2DM is self-care, exercise, and diet. There are concerns about increased risks of obesity for sulfonylureas [7] and cardiovascular mortality for both metformin and sulfonylureas [8]. Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and allcause mortality. The present study investigated the effect of an eight-week aerobics programme on fasting blood sugar (FBS), cardiovascular parameters, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), and body mass index (BMI) among subjects with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
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