Abstract
Skin aging is a complex process, and alterations in human skin due to aging have distinct characteristic as compared to other organs. The aging of dermal cells and the biological mechanisms involved in this process are key areas to understand skin aging. A large number of biological mechanisms, such as decreasing of protein synthesis of extracellular matrix or increasing of degradation, are known to be altered through skin aging. However, environmental influence can accelerate this characteristic phenotype. In this study, we analyzed primary human dermal fibroblasts in three different in-vitro aging models—UVB irradiation and accelerated proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts from young donors as well as from elderly donors—for the gene expression of COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL7A1, MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP8, MMP9, MMP10, MMP12, MMP13, MMP14, TIMP1, TIMP2, TIMP3, TIMP4, IL1B, IL1A, IL6, IL8, IL10, PTGS2, TP53, CASP3, LMNA, SIRT1. We compared the gene expression levels with young control. Furthermore, the behavior of skin fibroblasts was also evaluated using cell growth rate. The findings reveal that the gene expression levels in skin fibroblasts was altered in the process of aging in all three in-vitro aging models, and the cell growth rate was reduced, suggesting that these methods can be employed to understand skin aging mechanisms as well as drug discovery screening method.
Highlights
The skin is the most exposed organ of the body, and it functions as a barrier against external aggressions
Primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) from six healthy, young, male and five healthy, elderly, female donors were collected through posthectomy performed by the pediatrics surgery group and blepharoplasty performed by the ophthalmic plastic group of the School of Medical Sciences at UNICAMP respectively
We found the downregulation of gene expression on HDF undergoing UVB irradiation but not in the HDF undergoing accelerated proliferation or HDF from elderly donors, which indicated that the synthesis of type III collagen is influenced by external environmental factors
Summary
The skin is the most exposed organ of the body, and it functions as a barrier against external aggressions It frequently experiences the direct effects of environmental exposure, including UV radiation and air pollution [1]. Alterations in skin structure and physiology occur as natural consequences of aging and contribute to diminished cutaneous health [2; 3; 4]. These damages can be aggravated by external factors and, combined with lifestyle, result in significant biological alterations, characteristic of premature aging [5; 6; 7]. Extrinsic aging, influenced by environmental factors, varies among individuals and ethnic groups in a manner different from the natural aging [6]
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