Abstract
Base metal pastes have been widely used in the preparation of ZnO varistor electrodes, and it is important to accurately grasp the relevant mechanisms affecting the conductivity of aluminum electrodes. In this paper, the effect of adding sodium carbonate on the conductive property of aluminum paste was assessed, and the microscopic mechanism during aluminum electrode sintering explored. The results show that adding sodium carbonate can reduce the softening point of glass powder and enhance its fluidity. Sodium carbonate, glass, and aluminum oxide film react together; consequently, the aluminum oxide film is partially dissolved by reaction to produce defects, and there is tight contact at the interface between the aluminum powder particles. The sodium ions will displace the aluminum ions in the alumina, conferring the alumina film with a certain ionic conductivity. At the same time, sodium ions are doped into the aluminum lattice, which causes the aluminum lattice to swell. After sintering, the structure of aluminum electrode is compact and its electrical conductivity is significantly improved. This study is a valuable reference for the theoretical research and the potential applications of aluminum paste.
Highlights
and MethodsTo distinguish the metallic core of the aluminum powder from the Experimental materials: aluminum powder, size structure of 2.0–3.0 after μm; the oxide shell, the evolution ofspherical the powder morphology andparticle core-shell singlass was
Base metal pastes have been widely used in the preparation of ZnO varistor electrodes, and it is important to accurately grasp the relevant mechanisms affecting the conductivity of aluminum electrodes
There is a layer of insulating alumina film on the surface, which leads to the poor electrical conductivity of the aluminum electrode [12,13,14]
Summary
To distinguish the metallic core of the aluminum powder from the Experimental materials: aluminum powder, size structure of 2.0–3.0 after μm; the oxide shell, the evolution ofspherical the powder morphology andparticle core-shell singlass was. Theand physical phase analysis of the aluminum electrode as well as the glass Aluminum powder, glassapowder, organicx-ray carrier, and sodium carbonate were weighed powder was checked using. Possible phase changes in certain proportion, and and thenmixtures rolled and with a three-roller mill to obtain inaglass, sodium carbonate, of dispersed glass and sodium carbonate were characteraluminum paste with fineness of less. ◦ C for 5 min, substrate by a screen printing method, placed into an oven and dried at. XPS analysis was performed using a PHI5000 Versaprobe-II. %) added the aluminum pastescarbon were of the surface of aluminum electrode measured. The sintered aluminum electrode specimens was used for charge calibration.
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