Abstract
The effect of the heating rate during the sulfurization process on the properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film solar cells was investigated. A moderate heating rate of ~10 oC/min was found to result in a modest solar cell performance (2 %), whereas the higher heating rates resulted in worse performances. In the CZTS thin films annealed with the highest heating rate, the segregation of Cu atoms towards the outer surface of the films, which is believed to lead to shunting of the solar cells.
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