Abstract
Three- dimensional (3D) technology has been suggested to overcome several limitations in guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures because 3D-printed scaffolds can be easily molded to patient-specific bone defect site. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 3-D printed polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds with or without hyaluronic acid (HA) in a rabbit calvaria model. A calvaria defect with a diameter of 15mm was created in 30 New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were randomly allocated into three groups including no graft group (control, n=10), 3D printed PLA graft group (3D-PLA, n=10), and 3D printed PLA with hyaluronic acid graft group (3D-PLA/HA, n=10). Five animals in each group were sacrificed at 4 and 12weeks after surgery. Microcomputed tomography and histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed. Over the whole examination period, no significant adverse reactions were observed. There were no statistically significant differences in bone volume (BV) /tissue volume (TV) among the three groups at 4weeks. However, the highest BV/TV was observed in the 3D-PLA/HA group at 12weeks. The new bone area for control, 3D-PLA, and 3D-PLA/HA showed no statistical differences at 4weeks. However, the value was significantly higher in the 3D-PLA and 3D-PLA/HA groups compared to the control group at 12weeks. The 3D printed PLA scaffolds was biocompatible and integrated well with bone defect margin. They were also provided the proper space for new bone formation. Therefore, 3D printed PLA/HA might be a potential tool to enhance bone augmentation.
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