The economic situation of Kurdistan from the perspective of Italian and French orientalists from the thirteenth century to 1819

Abstract

The aim of this study is to point out and understand the economic situation of Kurdistan and its relationship with neighboring nations, as well as highlight the role and influence of the three economic sectors (agriculture, industry, trade) of Kurdistan from the thirteenth century to 1819 At that time, Kurdistan was going through a sensitive economic situation, as a result of the political situation that existed in the region at that time, such as the political and military conflict between the two Safavid states and later the Qajar and Ottoman states. The difficulties of this study are that the sources on the economic situation of Kurdistan before the first half of the eighteenth century in general and after the second half of the eighteenth century, necessarily include only the writings of European orientalists However, these writings also need to be explained and analyzed. In this research, the method of historical research has been followed within the framework of the structural method in order to present the historical and economic information of Kurdistan, as well as the method of analysis and interpretation has been followed. The research consists of an introduction, an introduction, three themes, conclusions and a list of sources. The first topic briefly mentions the geography of Kurdistan and its position in the region, which has become an important region for the countries of the region and the powers, due to its vast territory, has become a bridge between East and West On the other hand, it was located on an important trade route known as the Silk Road, and is considered one of the richest areas in terms of agriculture, livestock and horticulture. The second topic focuses on the economic situation in Kurdistan from the thirteenth century to 1819, when Kurdish society consisted of three classes, namely nomads and semi-nomads and residents of villages and cities, as well as the economic situation in Kurdistan in the early half Second, the eighteenth century until 1819. In addition, attention has been paid to the natural and human problems facing the Kurdistan economy.