Abstract
Climate change is one of the most crucial challenges identified in this century for the Pacific Region, such as Fiji, Samoa, Solomon Islands and many more. Citizens of Fiji have gone through peculiarly climatic and weather conditions over the past years like globalization, which had led to many consequences, especially in the agricultural sector which is the main income of many livelihoods not only in Fiji but in other Pacific countries as well. Climatic conditions have been changing adversely from past decades, such as temperature, rise in the sea level, precipitation changes, atmospheric composition changes, flooding, and tropical cyclones. These changes have led to alterations in the environment, thus, affecting crop and livestock production in the agricultural system. For instance, crops that require specific soil and temperature situations are vastly influenced when the temperature level changes suddenly, making the crops vulnerable to adapt to the alterations and therefore, the crops eventually die. Likewise, animal species also get affected by temperature changes, such as heat stress which specifically affects the fertility of male and female livestock. Due to these events, Fiji’s economies have also been affected since agriculture plays a vital role in boosting our economy through local market sales and exporting. Thereby, this review illustrates the impacts of climate change and ways to move forward/ solutions, for example, FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) and Pacific Islands Climate Change Assistance Program (PICCAP) have supported Fiji in bringing adaptation programs for preparing farmers and all other individuals on the upcoming climatic conditions such as adapting tolerant crops that can handle droughts and other adverse weather conditions.
Highlights
Small island countries like Fiji are highly vulnerable to climatic changes and rise in the sea level due to small landmasses, surrounded by the ocean
Numerous p0ublications and studies have suggested that global warming could be a major influencer in emphasizing the cu0rrent climatic conditions and the alterations from normal which approaches with ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) events (Hay et al, 20003; Folland et al, 2003)
According to (FAO, 2007), the agricultural system including croplands, forests and pastures engross about sixty per cent of the earth’s surface and these systems are being gradually exposed to risks, such as increased variability of climate, this leads to abnormal air temperature and rainfall changes which increase intensity and frequency of drought and flood events
Summary
Small island countries like Fiji are highly vulnerable to climatic changes and rise in the sea level due to small landmasses, surrounded by the ocean Their locations make them prone to natural disasters. The Pacific Islands Climatic Change Assistance Program (PICCAP) of the South Pacific Regional Environment Program (SPREP) has been supporting Fiji’s contribution to fulfilling the demands of the National Communication, through the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) funding. This requirement and work have been extended so that most adaptations and assessments could be done for Fiji to date (Gavin Kenny et al, 1999). This report will illustrate the impacts, challenges and solutions for climatic conditions that affect the agricultural system economically
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