Abstract

Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is one strategy to remove CO2 from the atmosphere. To assess the potential scale and cost of CO2 sequestration from BECCS in the US, this analysis models carbon sequestration net of supply chain emissions and costs of biomass production, delivery, power generation, and CO2 capture and sequestration in saline formations. The analysis includes two biomass supply scenarios (near-term and long-term), two biomass logistics scenarios (conventional and pelletized), and two generation technologies (pulverized combustion and integrated gasification combined cycle). Results show marginal cost per tonne CO2 (accounting for costs of electricity and CO2 emissions of reference power generation scenarios) as a function of CO2 sequestered (simulating capture of up to 90% of total CO2 sequestration potential) and associated spatial distribution of resources and generation locations for the array of scenario options. Under a near-term scenario using up to 206 million tonnes per year of biomass, up to 181 million tonnes CO2 can be sequestered annually at scenario-average costs ranging from $62 to $137 per tonne CO2; under a long-term scenario using up to 740 million tonnes per year of biomass, up to 737 million tonnes CO2 can be sequestered annually at scenario-average costs ranging from $42 to $92 per tonne CO2. These estimates of CO2 sequestration potential may be reduced if future competing demand reduces resource availability or may be increased if displaced emissions from conventional power sources are included. Results suggest there are large-scale opportunities to implement BECCS at moderate cost in the US, particularly in the Midwest, Plains States, and Texas.

Highlights

  • Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) combines bioenergy with geologic carbon capture and storage to produce power while removing CO2 from the atmosphere [1,2]

  • This analysis quantifies the potential supply and cost of BECCS in the US

  • Cost (CAC) results is shown in Figures 9 and 10 for the pulverized coal 2 avoidance cost (CAC) results is shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10 for the summary

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Summary

Introduction

Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) combines bioenergy with geologic carbon capture and storage to produce power (typically electricity or potentially liquid fuels) while removing CO2 from the atmosphere [1,2]. The extent to which the US bioeconomy can be employed to meet potential future carbon management goals through NETs will depend on the potential quantity and cost of CO2 sequestration. To understand the national potential for BECCS in the US to contribute to these goals, here we quantify the potential cost and quantity of BECCS as influenced by biomass resources, supply chain and power generation configurations, and proximity to geological formations suitable for BECCS. The main output of this analysis is supply curves illustrating the potential supply and associated cost of CO2 sequestration under a range of biomass resource, logistics, generation, and carbon accounting scenarios.

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