Abstract
BackgroundVarious surface treatment options have been adopted with the aim to improve osseointegration, reducing the overall treatment time. Implant stability of early loaded implants with different modified surfaces was compared in the present study.MethodsPatients were selected from the Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology at Semmelweis University. Patients randomly received SA (alumina sandblasted and acid-etched), NH (bioabsorbable apatite nanocoating) or SLA (large-grit sandblasted and acid-etched) surface implants. Outcome measures were: implant success, implant stability, and periodontal parameters. The implant stability was measured at the time of implant placement (primary stability) and six weeks after (prothesis delivery, secondary stability). Osstell and Periotest were applied to take all the measurements. The primary and secondary stability were compared in the three study groups Finally the periimplant probing depth appearing after three months of loading was checked on 6 points around to the implant-supported prostheses. Shapiro–Wilk and Mann–Whitney tests were used for the comparison between the study groups.ResultsA total of 75 implants with different length and diameter were inserted into various positions. One implant failed spontaneously at the fourth week after implant placement. The survival rate was 98,7%. Comparing the primary and secondary stability values, the data were significantly improved in every groups. The difference was the highest in the NH group, however, this difference was not significant compared to the two other groups. Good periodontal parameters were experienced in all the tested implants, independently by the groups.ConclusionsWith the limitation of the present study, all the implants showed improved stability six weeks after implant placement. A trend of higher result was found for the NH group. Further studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm this preliminary results.Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN13181677; the date of registration: 04/03/2021. Retrospectively registered.
Highlights
Various surface treatment options have been adopted with the aim to improve osseointegration, reducing the overall treatment time
Machined surface implants were characterized by low bone-implant contact (BIC) implant surface modifications were suggested to enhance osseointegration, in challenging clinical scenarios
The differences between primary and secondary implant stability was higher in the NH group with the ISQ measuring method and in the SA group with the Periotest Value (PTV) measuring method, there were no significant differences between the three study groups
Summary
Various surface treatment options have been adopted with the aim to improve osseointegration, reducing the overall treatment time. The direct integration of titanium implants into the bone was first reported by Rudy et al [20]. Osseointegration was firstly described in 1976 as the direct contact. Körmöczi et al BMC Oral Health (2021) 21:207 between machined surface implant and the surrounding bone at microscopy level. The observation of a direct bone-implant contact (BIC), confirmed by Albrektsson et al with electron microscopy, was the most important discover in dental implantology [1]. Machined surface implants were characterized by low BIC implant surface modifications were suggested to enhance osseointegration, in challenging clinical scenarios. The ideal form, utilized material, the biological indicator function of dental implant surfaces is a main focus of basic research in implant dentistry [5, 7, 8, 12]
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