Abstract
This historical paper attempts to analyze, based on publications, personal reminiscences and the authors' own archives, the first 15 years of the formation and development of computer programming in the USSR, considered both as a human practice and a scientific discipline. After a brief description of the context in which this development took place and an analysis of the initial base of knowledge, the authors argue that many important components of programming (especially general theory and methodology and compilation techniques) were strongly influenced in the USSR by internal creative impulses. The account traces Soviet development through the release of the first ALGOL compliers in 1963.
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