Abstract
The American Southwest is undergoing alarming climate crises, suffering from the on-going mega drought, frequent flash flooding, heat waves, and wildfires that cause air pollution. The climate crises are mainly associated with hydroclimatic processes and particularly water fluxes across the different components of the climate system. This study serves to discuss where the author stand in terms of scientific understanding of hydroclimatic systems in this region and their physical drivers (e.g., the North American Summer monsoon and Pacific North American teleconnections). This work highlights the relative contributions of precipitation and temperature to droughts through the lens of theories and modeling tools. More importantly, it is crucial to characterize the relative roles of internal variability and external forcing in shaping the hydroclimatic system in the southwestern United States. Future pathways are also described including high-resolution global modeling system, advancing understanding relative roles of precipitation and temperature in modulating hydroclimate system, further understanding the role of external forcing, as well as the partnership between scientists and other stakeholders.摘要由于正在持续的特⼤⼲旱, 更频繁的洪⽔, 热浪以及导致空⽓污染的⼭⽕, 美国西南部⽬前正在 经历⽓候危机. 这些⽓候危机主要与⽔⽂⽓候过程相关, 尤其是⽓候系统各圈层之间的⽔汽通量. 本研究主要讨论⽬前⼀些⽔⽂系统的科学基站以及物理驱动因素, ⽐如北美夏季风以及太平洋北美遥相关. 本研究指出降⽔以及⽓温对于⼲旱的相对作⽤的理论和⼯具. 确定内部变率和外部强迫对于美国西南部⽔⽂⽓候系统的相对作⽤尤为重要. 展望未来, 需要研究⾼分辨率模拟系统, 加强降⽔以及温度对于⽔⽂⽓候系统相对作⽤的理解, 外部强迫的作⽤以及通过科学家以及 其他利益相关者之间的合作.
Published Version
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