Abstract
The objective of the study was to describe voter participation (turnout) in South East Asia, particlarry in Indonesian and Malaysian elections from 2004–2019, and the factors that cause stable participation. The participation of voters (turnout) in Malaysia’s elections from 2004–2018 is 73.90–84%. The participation of voters in Indonesia’s elections from 2004–2019 is 70.99–84.09%. This means that voter participation in the last three election periods was stable in both countries. This study shows that four factors cause stable participation: political awareness, rationality, political perceptions, and electoral orientation that is candidate-oriented. The theoretical implication of this study was to strengthen Timothy Feddersen and Alvaro Sandroni, and John G. Matsusaka’s theory about voter political participation or voter behaviour on election day. The originality of this study is that there are special characteristics behind stable political participation in Indonesia and Malaysia. Methods of data collection in this study is based on literature study and analytical method uses the descriptive analysis method. This study also uses a political comparison approach to analyse data.
Highlights
The 2013 national elections are the fifth election of members of the National Assembly to be held in Cambodia since the Paris Peace Accords were signed in 1991
Other than isolated incidents of violence, no severe clashes between campaigning parties and civilians occurred. Another positive factor distinguishing this election from previous ones is the increase in interest and enthusiasm from the general public, the Cambodian youth
Transparency International Cambodia (TIC) is deeply concerned about the irregularities observed, largescale disenfranchisement, people voting without identification, and high usage of Identification Certifications for Electoral Purposes forms (ICEs)
Summary
Cambodia‟s 2013 national elections of the National Assembly were the fifth to be held since the first national elections were organized by the United Nations Transitional Authority for Cambodia (UNTAC) in 1993. Months ahead of the elections, the Neutral and Impartial Committee for Free and Fair Elections (NICFEC), along with its partners the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI) and the Centre for Advanced Studies (CAS), conducted a voter registry audit (VRA) that showed 10.8% of eligible citizens who thought they were registered were not on the registry, and 7.8% of those not on the list having voted before These figures were further backed by a field audit commissioned by the NEC, finding 9% disenfranchisement, within margin of error. TIC supports calls for the immediate formation of an Electoral Investigative and Reform Committee, with the participation of both political parties, civil society organizations, and international community, to both investigate irregularities and develop a roadmap for comprehensive election reform This will require that relevant bodies, such as the NEC and Commune Councils, disclose all relevant information and data, including the full voters list database, ICE distribution records, and polling station level results. A technical working group should be formed (or adapted from the independent investigative committee mentioned above) to track progress and implementation of reforms, and to retract aid should reforms fall short
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