The discriminant ability of the Eating Assessment tool-10 to detect swallowing efficiency in neurogenic dysphagia

Abstract

Purpose Neurogenic dysphagia causes complications such as malnutrition, dehydration, and aspiration pneumonia. Therefore, early detection with clinically valid tools is essential. This study aimed to investigate the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) ability to detect swallowing efficiency at three different consistencies in neurogenic dysphagia. Methods One hundred twelve patients with neurogenic dysphagia (74 males and 38 females, mean ± SD age 61.83 ± 9.72 years) were included in the study. A Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) was performed in the clinic following EAT-10 to assess swallowing efficacy at International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) consistencies of 0, 3, and 7. The swallowing efficiency of the patients was assessed using the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale (YPRSRS). Area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity values were calculated to evaluate the ability of EAT-10 to discriminate between participants with and without residue and between participants with and without moderate-to-severe residue. Results The EAT-10 significantly detected participants with and without residues for three IDDSI consistent: for IDDSI 0 residue in the vallecula and pyriform sinus (cutoff score ≥ 14, p < 0.001), for IDDSI 3 residue in the vallecula and pyriform sinus (cutoff score ≥ 13, p < 0.001), for IDDSI 7 residue in the vallecula and pyriform sinus (respectively, cutoff score ≥ 13, cutoff score ≥ 14, p < 0.001). Additionally, the EAT-10 significantly detected those with and without moderate-to-severe residue. Conclusions The EAT-10, frequently used in swallowing clinics, can determine swallowing efficiency in individuals with neurogenic dysphagia. Additionally, it has the power to detect moderate-to-severe pharyngeal residue.