The discourse and politics of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

Abstract

Part 1 Perspectives on leadership and political culture: political leadership - general observations leadership in Pakistani political culture political culture of the Pakistani landlords the poor and the middle classes models of rulership Bhutto on Nehru thinking aloud on major issues bilateralism - the small state in international politics. Part 2 Stumbling into a war: domestic politics - a learning experience foreign policy - broad orientations afro-Asian solidarity toward self-assertion in foreign policy advocacy in the Kashmir dispute Bhutto and the war of 1965 - an assessment. Part 3 Party-making and electioneering: discovering a winning ideology - the PPP foundation documents, the 1970 election manifesto, of Islamic socialism Bhutto and the general elections of 1970 - a new kind of campaign, Bhutto on himself and his foes the election results - analysis and interpretations. Part 4 The dismemberment of Pakistan: Bhutto's accusers Bhutto and the Awami league's six points Bhutto's quest for power - a predicament politics of pressure the Awami league's answer politics of dissociation Bhutto at the United Nations - more of dissociation. Part 5 Restructuring the polity: Bhutto's covenant nationalization of industries economic decision-making land reforms administrative reforms. Part 6 Diplomacy and foreign policy: the Simla agreement after Simla Pakistan and the Soviet Union Pakistan and Afghanistan Pakistan and China Pakistan and Iran Pakistan and the Arab states Pakistan and the United States. Part 7 In pursuit of power: a constitutional settlement Bhutto and the NAP-JUI governments crisis management - the language crisis in Sind, the anti-Ahmadi riots. Part 8 Institutional decay and Bhutto's fall: Bhutto and the Pakistan people's party - factionalism in the PPP, the reformation that never happened, Bhutto's role - an interpretation political repression - the opposition tactics the election of 1977 the fall of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Conclusion: Bhutto as a leader Bhutto as a ruler political repression the feudal connection political tradition and culture.