Abstract
The special character of the Adriatic Sea is conferred by its girdle of Alpine mountains. The axes of two chains mark its edges, the Apennines separating it from the western Mediterranean, and the Dinaric Alps separating it from the Pannonian Basin and Eastern Alps. Closed to the northwest by the arc of the southern Alps and closely linked with this structure, the Adriatic communicates with the Ionian Sea through the narrow Straits of Otranto (Fig. 1). The eastern Mediterranean, to which the Adriatic appears attached like a long appendage, opens southeastward to two abyssal plains, the Ionian Basin off Calabria and Greece and the Levantine Basin between Egypt and Turkey.
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