Abstract
In recent years, there has been a higher interest to grow knowledge regarding gastrointestinal microbiota in canine and feline patients. Microbiota gathers more than 500 species of bacteria, viruses, fungus and archaea. This article intends to review and highlight recent research and discoveries regarding the digestive microbiota and its roles in several body functions, such as: metabolism homeostasis, defense against pathogens, education of immunity answer, synthesis or facilitation of a wide range of key nutrients essential for health from food, mental health maintenance, obesity, and dermatology. Through these essential roles, microbiota can directly or indirectly influence the majority of host’s physiological functions. Most studies highlight dysbiosis as a starting point or cofactor in leading to several pathologies, such as inflammatory bowel disease, chronic enteritis, atopy, deficient immunity answer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, depression in humans, or aggressivity in dogs. The preservation of a healthy microbiome proves to be an essential element for health maintenance and disease prevention, or for disease treatment in either humans or pets.
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