The differential effects of intimate terrorism and situational couple violence on mental health outcomes among abused Chinese women: a mixed-method study.

Agnes Tiwari,Denise Shuk Ting Cheung,Elsie Chau Wai Yan,Daniel Yee Tak Fong,Ko Ling Chan,Debbie Hoi Ming Tang

doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1649-x

Agnes Tiwari, Denise Shuk Ting Cheung + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1649-x

Copy DOI

Abstract

BackgroundDistinctions have been made between the two main forms of intimate partner violence: intimate terrorism (IT) and situational couple violence (SCV), depending on whether the violence is part of a general pattern of control. Differential effects also exist between IT and SCV. However, the IT/SCV distinction and their differential effects have yet to be demonstrated in violent intimate relationships in China. We aimed to identify IT and SCV among Chinese women who reported partner violence in Hong Kong and to differentiate the effects of IT and SCV on their mental health outcomes.MethodsA mixed-method design was used in a cross-sectional study to collect quantitative and qualitative data from women 18 years of age or older who had been victims of intimate partner violence in the past year. Six hundred and thirteen women were recruited from 18 districts in Hong Kong. Quantitative instruments were administered to assess intimate partner violence, control by an intimate partner, and mental health outcomes. Individual face-to-face interviews were conducted with 200 of the women to capture their experiences of intimate partner violence and the context in which it occurred.ResultsOf the 613 women, 215 (35.1%) were identified as victims of IT and 324 (52.9%) as victims of SCV. Compared to SCV victims, IT victims reported significantly more violence-related physical injury (p < 0.001), higher use of medical services (p < 0.001), and more symptoms of depression (p < 0.001) and posttraumatic stress disorder (p < 0.001). The interviews revealed two broadly different pictures with IT victims describing their relationship problems as serious and life-threatening, and physical violence was part of the controlling behaviors used by their partners. Such details were not reported by those in the SCV group.ConclusionOur findings indicate that violence in intimate relationships in China is not a unitary phenomenon, and it has at least two forms, IT and SCV, which were shown to have differential effects on Chinese women. The findings regarding the IT/SCV distinction and their differential effects on mental health outcomes have implications for policy, research and practice.Trial registrationTrial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01206192.

Highlights

Distinctions have been made between the two main forms of intimate partner violence: intimate terrorism (IT) and situational couple violence (SCV), depending on whether the violence is part of a general pattern of control
IT and SCV in Chinese intimate relationships A total of 539 women were classified as IT/SCV victims
In addition to making distinctions between IT and SCV, we found that the two forms of Intimate partner violence (IPV) have differential effects on Chinese women’s mental health outcomes

Summary

Introduction

Distinctions have been made between the two main forms of intimate partner violence: intimate terrorism (IT) and situational couple violence (SCV), depending on whether the violence is part of a general pattern of control. Intimate partner violence (IPV), defined as “physical violence, sexual violence, stalking, and psychological aggression (including coercive tactics) by a current or former intimate partner” [1], is the most common form of violence against women [2]. It has long been recognized as a public health problem [3] with negative health and social consequences for the victims, their families, and the community [4]. In this paper, the conceptualization and measurement of IT and SCV are based on physical violence in intimate relationships, consistent with Johnson’s typology [9]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion