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Abstract
By measuring the displacements and deformations at different structures we deal in the Faculty of Civil Engineering, transportation Engineering and Architecture in University of Maribor for about 20 years. At that time we measured over 600 structures. Most loading tests of bridges and Viaducts were made. The measurements of movements needed to be as precise and accurate as possible. To do that laboratory test of instruments were made to see which instrument gives us reliable results. Displacements can be determined by geodetic and physical methods, depends of the construction. The use of geodetic methods are still preferable. In the paper the measurements with the total station, the level and rotation level, photogrammetry and solutions on the field by physical methods with inductive transducers are presented. We need to measure displacements as quick as possible but efficiently because we can not repeat the measurements under the same conditions. Also the surveying on the bridge and in the lab with the comparison of methods is presented under the different hard terrain conditions - water beneath the construction, big height of the structure, unapproachability, large span structures.
Highlights
Scientific discipline test structures and buildings was formed somewhat later than other disciplines in the construction industry
Observation of the structure under load can be performed in various ways, as described by many authors
Which method will be used mainly depends on the range of construction, planned developments, access to the construction and weather conditions
Summary
Scientific discipline test structures and buildings was formed somewhat later than other disciplines in the construction industry. Leonardo da Vinci made the first examination of the various forms of construction. The first works and forms of security testing beams were carried out by Galileo in the sixteenth century. He tried to discover the relationship between the impact force to the structure and its budget. Experimental testing methods of construction in the beginning were based on a theoretical calculation that describes the process of deformation and fracture under the action of the load as described in the book by T. With the development of numerical science in the last 30 years with the rapid development of information technology, analysis of movements and deformations have dealt with a number of experts who have described their achievements in a number of articles [2,3,4,5,6,7], and books [8]
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